Comparing Marcuse, Freire and Gramsci Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Comparing Marcuse, Freire and Gramsci - Essay Example According to his theory of politics, the downfall of the emancipator politics is caused by little understanding of the basis of power of the institution. The lack of adequate knowledge is majorly brought about by the relationship that existed between politics and the popular culture. According to the theory, the political education of a marginalized area determines the occurrence of changes in the political and social life of the region. In order to eliminate the domination relations, a new culture has to be created. The masses should also be transformed into being conscious of the political on-goings in the state. According to Gramsci’s theory of politics, in the modern state, the relations of domination are maintained and protected by the coercion and force (Borg, Buttigieg & Mayo 27). The relations are also maintained through the practices of consent and persuasion.

Police Brutality Essay Example for Free

Police Brutality Essay Philadelphia is located in New Jersey on the eastern sea board of the United States. This makes it an ideal location for immigrants from Nigeria to choose as an entry point into the US. This inflows has led to an over stretch in the social amenities. In so far as Nigerians perform the jobs Americans do not want, the fact that they do not pay taxes means they cannot contribute to the growth of Philadelphia. The police force on their part is predominantly white. They are not trained on how to deal with the new population. How to be sensitive to their culture and beliefs. Since the arrivals are also not very at par with the American culture, this breeds a society that coexists but does not know how to interact and appreciate each other. This has led to an increase in police brutality especially among Nigerian males of ages 15-70. Both sides feel they are mis-understood-the police are trying to keep the peace, while the Nigerians are trying to make ends meet. While there are more obvious signs of harassments against people deemed black (African-Americans and Native Americans) as opposed to whites to begin with, xenophobia (undue fear or contempt of that which is foreign, especially of strangers or foreign peoples) is more prominent against those foreigners who also happen to have darker skins which naturally includes Africans, Mexicans, Jamaicans, Carib-Africans, Haitians, Indians (from India), So. Americans, etc. nd other non-Caucasian races. Africans, who naturally fit into the black quota, therefore get a double-whammy should they encounter a police officer who has xenophobia, and Nigerians who have encountered harassment incidences have noted this as a prevailing factor in the course of their being harassed. Distinct accents are a dead give away and a xenophobic officer would have a field day should he encounter one whom he fears and thus portrays hatred towards (www. igeriansinamerica. com). There is need to train the police force on the necessity to overcome Xenophobia amongst its officers. Also, more black offices must be employed and an effort be made to assign them to work in black communities and neighborhoods, to increase the acceptance of the police as a law enforcement agency.

From India with Love for Internal Medicine :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

From India with Love for Internal Medicine My early years were spent in a small farm in India. My parents had never been to school but were a source of inspiration to me and inculcated a sense of hard work and discipline. I studied in one of the most prestigious schools in the country and spent most of my life in boarding school. On the basis of my academic performance, the government of India sent me to USSR for medical studies .The respect in society; sacrifice of a doctor and making a contribution to the world has inspired me to become a doctor. Medical school was an exciting, challenging and enjoyable with exchange of cultural experiences while studying with students of 25 different countries. I stood first in the university and was awarded M.D. degree with Honors. I was selected as "The best graduating student" for 1996. With hard work I was able to get distinctions in all the subjects. During Internship I was awarded a certificate of appreciation by Minster of health for services rendered during a community project on prevention of cardio-vascular disease. Break up of USSR was a difficult time for all but in this period of adversity I developed remarkable resilience and maturity. Spending 9 months in U.K. and observing the British medical system and having traveled all over Europe and Scandinavia has enhanced my communication skills. Sports and being a captain of volleyball team and the president in school has taught me mind and body control, the need for careful planning and how to both rely on team members and to get the best of myself. In medical school I found that hard work was not a burden but a pleasure. I felt at home in the hospital. After school hours I would go to district hospital, Odessa and work in accident and emergency department. I keenly participated in medical conferences throughout medical school to know more about the ever-changing medicine. I believe I can weather both the mental and physical challenges and that my avocations of weight lifting and long distance running will give me the stamina for the common night shifts in residency.

A new India

It is an undeniable fact that the youth constitute a vast reservoir of energy, especially in a country like India with a population of more than 100 crore. Out of this total, those falling in the 15-30 age group constitute 40 percent. This means that nearly 40 crore young men and women stupendous man power by all counts indeed, are available for handling various tasks of national reconstruction. History bears out the undesirable fact that all great movements of nationwide importance have succeeded on the strength of massive youth power.In India, the epoch-making Indian National Movement could gain momentum and shake the very roots of the British Raj only when the youth were harnessed in it. Over a decade ago, Mao Tse Tung, the famous Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, relied upon youth power to usher in a great Cultural. Revolution. The Chinese youth enacted a memorable drama of national reconstruction. The same is the story of the French Revolution. Large parts of West Europe and North America were swept across by massive waves of youth and student power.In India several top-ranking leaders have paid homage to youth power and have regarded it as an inexhaustible reservoir of human resources. ‘Catch their young ‘ has been the motto. Mahatma Gandhi once saul, â€Å"Young man. claiming to be the fathers of tomorrow, should be the salt of the nation. If the salt loses its flavor, wherewith shall it be salted? † The elders, including statesmen, expect India ‘s youth to do vote their energies to the task of reconstructing India in accordance with the long accepted ideals.There is little doubt that given the right lead and guidance, India ‘s youth can create a new society by eliminating the evils, making good the flaws and deficiencies and facilitating the reinstatement of the highly cherished moral values of the East. In addition to this they can lay the basis for reconstruction in all spheres-social, economic and political. This begins with uplifting the rural masses in particular from the state, of stagnation as a result of the shackles of decayed traditions and superstitions senseless customs, ruthless exploitation by the greedy landlords and ineffective and retrograde official programmes.In the social arena, the youth can help the rural masses who are gripped by the wily village leaders, crafty priests and other religious men who revel in supper situations. They can do something to broaden the ‘horizon ‘, of the village-folk. Social emancipation and reconstruction involves tackling the dowry menace, illiteracy rumoring of caste and clan prejudices, checking corruption, elimination of untouchability and other discriminatory practices, besides child marriage and ill-treatment of widows.These tasks seem formidable and arc bound to meet with rebuffs. But a little patience and perse?verance on the part of the youth to make headway. The task of economic reconstruction of the country is admit?tedly complex and the enlightened youth can make a significant contribution in it. It includes expediting development by facilitating implementation of the various programmes drawn by the Central and the State Governments.They can introduce the modern outlook to agriculture and industry and bring about the ‘Green ‘ and the ‘White ‘ revolutions, India ‘s youth policy aims at promoting govern?mental and non-governmental effort in implementing various programmes. During the last forty years of India ‘s independence, various youth programmes have been started in the country with a view to involving the youth in national reconstruction. In 1948, the National Cadet Corps was launched to create awareness of the youth in nation?al defence and to ensure their active participation.In 1969, the National Service Scheme was started to promote social consciousness, a sense of responsibility as well as a sense of discipline and dignity of labour among youth. With thi s view special camps were organized; ‘Youth against Famine ‘, â€Å"Youth against Dirt and Disease ‘, ‘Youth for Afforestation and Tree Plantation ‘ and ‘Youth for Rural Reconstruc?tion ‘ etc. Since 1981-82 economic -development programmes have been taken by NSS volunteers. During 82-83 about 5. 5 lacs students participated in various commendable programmes.Parallel to the NSS are the Nehru Yuvak Kendras which are innovative multi purpose institutions. The basic purpose of this scheme is to enable such youth to help the process of rural deve?lopment and popularize national objectives. At these centres, voca?tional training is imparted for self-employment and social service. Then, there is the National Service Volunteer Scheme, laun?ched in 1977-78, which provides opportunities to graduate students to involve themselves on a voluntary basis in nation-building acti?vities for a specific period on a whole time basis.These volunteers are genera lly engaged in promoting adult educational programmes. In this connection, exchanges of visits by youth of different regions of the country have been helpful. In the political sphere too, the youth can help in cleansing the Eugean stables. The entire political system is infested with oppor?tunism, nepotism, corruption, deception, fraud, intrigues and shrewd tactics. Most of the political parties have no clear far-sighted goal and no well-thought-out programmes of national reconstruction.The leadership is in the hands of senile octogenarians, power-hungry and unwilling to make way for the younger generation. Fortunately, India now has a young Prime Minister in Shri Rajiv Gandhi. He is Anxious to clear up the mess that has accumulated over the years and to ensure an honest, credible regime. The youth can play a significant role by strengthening his hands. Admittedly, the young men and women of today are disgrunt?led and frustrated on many counts.The internal strife, graft all round, d ouble talk, frauds, chicanery, political opportunism, decep?tion, deep-rooted corruption and an air of distrust among the young and the old are among the causes of unrest among India ‘s youth. Several institutions, like joint-family system, are disintegrating before their eyes. To make matters worse, there are social injustices and the unwillingness of the old fossils to step down and make way for the young people. However, there is no room for frustration and giving up; they should be brought round by patient endeavour.The role of the youth for national reconstruction became even more relevant in 1985 which was celebrated as the ‘International Year of the Youth ‘ with the basic themes of ‘Participation, Develop?ment and Peace ‘. In the years to come, the role of the youth in India and other developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, in the task of national reconstruction is going to become increasingly more significant. The challenges are immense, and the youth, as a well-regulated wave of power can sweep through the country and meet these challenges competently, and life the country to heights of progress.

Dangers in the Environment Essay

The Dangers within the Environment are affecting our health to means that we wouldn’t believe. We destroy our planets ozone that affects and causes global warming. The pesticides, mercury and carbon dioxide that we release into the environment cause so many health problems to use and our children. It actually affects our children’s health more than it does to use. How can we do this to our environment knowing that it affects our health more and more. Dangers with in our Environment The dangers within the environment that affect our health are increasing day by day. The first thing that is we are doing to the environment is destroying our ozone layer. We are destroying the ozone layer by greenhouse gases. The way we treat our planet is going to affect our health and maybe even kill us because of the toxins and pollutants that we release into our environment. Certain types of pollutants that we release into the environment can cause us to have several complications with our health. The pesticides, mercury and carbon dioxide that we release into the environment cause so many health problems to use and our children. It is not hard to see what we are doing to our planet on a daily basis. There is so much research that shows how much even low level of air pollution affects our health. Carbon dioxide is what we breathe out of our lungs when exhaling. Carbon dioxide is released while we are driving our motor vehicles, using our lawn mowers, and etc. For the one gallon of gasoline that is used in our machines it causes 19. of carbon dioxide to distribute into our environment. Trees absorb the carbon dioxide from the air but if the tree is cut down, burned, or dies then the carbon dioxide will not be absorbed up. When a tree slowly rots then the carbon dioxide is slowly released back into the environment. The pesticides that are toxic to our health and our environment are chemical pesticides. The chemical pesticides that is more dangerous to be farmers, their family members, and other people who use the chemical pesticides. The pesticides are released into the air that we breathe in. The pesticides are left on the produce that they are sprayed on and then remain on the inside of the produce. The pesticides can be rinsed off, but they also can run off into springs, and large bodies of water. In which the pesticides can contaminate our water supply. In the world today everyone is at risk for simple reason that we are destroying our planet. Our world is at a total disaster at how we treat it and take care of it. Individuals that live in the world are at risk form pollutants and toxins that are in the environment that we breathe on a daily basis. The pesticides, mercury and carbon dioxide that we release into the environment cause so many health problems to use and our children. We need to take better care of our environment and worry about our health. People do not care about their health because if they did then they will not smoke cigarettes that affect their health and our environment. If we would save from driving all over the place in our vehicles when you could ride a bike or walk. It could help save our environment from pollutants being disbursed into the air that we breathe.

Eliot in Modernism

Eliot in Modernism Free Online Research Papers In â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† Prufrock questions, â€Å"Do I dare disturb the universe?† which epitomizes the disillusionment of Prufrock. Though modernism reflects new ideas of human possibilities, Prufrock displays a pessimistic attitude toward his life. The poem contains numerous thematic features of Modernism such as its form and use of literary elements. The idea of the antihero itself is a characteristic of Modernism which Prufrock embodies. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Eliot attended Harvard, where he studied philosophy. He later moved to England where he held several jobs pertaining to literature including: schoolmaster, literary editor for the publishing house Faber Faber, and also founded and edited the literary journal Criterion. Eliot’s poetry proved to be Modernist by not conforming to the public’s belief or with language itself because he believed poetry should represent the complexities of modern civilization. (T.s. Eliot Biography) A major characteristic of modernism in poetry is the focus on form rather than meaning. In this particular work, the use of interior monologue of Prufrock is evident throughout the poem; where he speaks silently to himself. The interior monologue entails use of the stream of consciousness, where Eliot eavesdrops on Prufrock’s conscious, stressing the importance of the unconscious mind. Because of both these forms of narration, some fragmentation occurs throughout the poem where either Eliot is describing what is happening through Prufrock’s eyes or else Prufrock’s narration (T.S. Elliot 1092-1095). In continuation to the poem’s form, another formal feature of Modernism is the use of free verse. In â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, Eliot uses free verse in order to characterize the modernist movement in poetry. There is no specific meter, rhythm, or rhyme and contains irregular line lengths (Morner and Rausch 11, 89,138) The Modernist movement is characterized by literary elements such as: tone, similes, personification, imagery, paradoxes, metaphors, and allusions. Prufrock uses a simile and personification to illustrate the melancholic setting and tone of the poem. The simile, â€Å"When the evening is spread out against the sky like a patient etherized upon a table;† describes Prufrock’s inability to control anything that occurs in his surrounding such as the etherized patient-almost helpless. The personification, â€Å"The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the windowpanes, the yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the windowpanes† contributes to the tone of the poem by describing a dark, depressing environment. Some imagery such as, â€Å"I should have been a pair of ragged claws scuttling across the floors of silent seas† produces the image of a solitary crab and thinking that the crab itself would have a better life than Prufrock. There are paradoxes in the p oem that conform to the characteristics of Modernism. A paradox occurs in the repetition of the line, â€Å"And indeed there will be time† yet throughout the poem he also remarks on how he is aging therefore losing time, â€Å"I grow old†¦ I grow old†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Another paradox occurs in the last line of the poem which Prufrock displays the pessimistic attitude that he rather be asleep/numb rather than awake where he feels pain, â€Å"Till human voices wake us, and we drown.† An interesting line which Prufrock compares his life to minimal meaning and achievement is the metaphor, â€Å"I have measured out my life with coffee spoons† (T.S. Elliot 1092-1095) Prufrock not only displays characteristics of Modernism through literary elements but also epitomizes the modernist antihero. He conforms to the characteristics describing the antihero: inept, antisocial, pathetic, and in a conflict with a world which he cannot control and whose values he rejects (Morner and Rausch 11, 89,138). Prufrock uses several elements throughout the poem illustrating his erudite yet self-loathing mannerisms. The first evident sign of the antihero is the repetition of the idea that he â€Å"still has time† – an excuse he uses for him not to venture out of his social norms. There is also another repetition of the line, â€Å"And would it have been worth it, after all† referring to the amount of communication needed in order to be with a woman, showing his lack of aptitude for social interaction (T.S. Elliot 1092-1095). He degrades himself with statements of his physical appearance and mental status so he may gain the sympathy of the audience, â€Å"With a bald spot in the middle of my hair†, â€Å"(They will say: ‘But how his arms and legs are thin!’)†, â€Å"but a bit obtuse†¦Almost at time the Fool.† As if he describes his place in society and accepts it. (T.S. Elliot 1092-1095) To reiterate, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† proves to conform to the characteristics of the Modernist movement of literature while epitomizing the Modernist antihero. The meaning of the work and its place as a Modernist poem is characterized by literary elements such as tone, similes, personification, imagery, paradoxes, metaphors, allusions. It is not only literary elements that make a work Modernist but also the structure. The structure for Modernist poems need not be didactic but written in a rather more open form, with free verse and no particular rhyme nor rhythm. Though it may seem as if Prufrock believes he has yet to accomplish anything in his life, â€Å"And indeed there will be time.† Morner, Kathleen, and Ralph Rausch. NTCs Dictionary of LITERAR TERMS. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1991. 11, 89,138. Print. Roberts, Edgar. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. Literature: An Introduction To Reading And Writing. Ed. Leah Jewell. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc., 2004. Print. T.S. Eliot Biography. Nobelprize.org. 12 Sep. 2010 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1948/eliot-bio.html Research Papers on Eliot in ModernismMind TravelThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThree Concepts of PsychodynamicHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtLifes What IfsAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeWhere Wild and West Meet

Andrea Yates essays

Andrea Yates essays Andrea Yates and the Insanity Defense On June 20th, 2001, Andrea Yates, a 36-year-old mother of five, drowned all five of her children one at a time in the bathroom tub. She then calmly called 911 and then her husband telling him Its time. I finally did it. When she was interviewed by police later that day she told them that the reason she had killed her children was because she had done a bad job as a mother and wanted to punish herself. Andrea had a history of metal illness and was treated for postpartum depression and psychosis after her fourth and fifth children. She had attempted to kill herself two years earlier and was taking two antidepressant medications at the time of the murders. She had previously been on several other antidepressants and the antipsychotic medication Haldol. Andrea was charged with two counts of capitol murder. The defense did not dispute that Yates had killed her children but rather they claimed that she was legally insane at the time of the killings. According to Texas state law the defense is required to show that the defendant is not only mentally ill but did not know that what they were doing was illegal or wrong at the time. The prosecution agreed that Andrea was mentally ill but argued that she knew what she was doing was wrong. They cited the fact that she confessed to planning the killing in advance to police and a psychologist, and that she immediately called 911 after the killings suggest premeditation and that she knew killing her children was wrong. The defense argued that Andrea knew killing her children was legally wrong but that she was so delusional that she thought she was saving them from Satan. The jury convicted Andrea of the two counts of capitol murder. In sentencing Andrea the Jury had to decide between life in prison or the death penalty. To impose the death penalty under Texas law, the jury had to decide unanimously that Yates was a futur...